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Автор: | MenKauRA [ 02-11-2011, 15:25 ] |
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http://www.gizapyramids.org/pdf%20libra ... _liste.pdf http://www.gizapyramids.org/pdf%20libra ... 24-143.pdf http://www.gizapyramids.org/pdf%20libra ... _or_69.pdf MENKAURA ReT col. III.14 (?): 18 (28 ?) years Manetho: Mencheres - 63 years W. Barta (ZAS 108, 1981,23): 18 full and 2 incomplete years J. v. Beckerath (Chronologie, 159): 28 years. rnptsp: - rnpt sp 2, ~bd 2 prt, SW 22 (G VI S )164 - rnpt sp 2, ~bd 4 smw, SW 22 (G 7530-40, Meresankh III)165 - rnpt sp 11, ~bd ... , SW 10 + x (G VI S)166 rnpt (m-)!J.tsp Though no intervening years can be attributed to Menkaura with certainty, there is some probability that to the reign of this king refer the following data from the Gebelein papyri 167: - rnpt (m-)bt sp 2, ~bd ... ~bt, SW 20 (Gebelein, frag. A)16S - rnpt (m-)bt sp 3, ~bd 3 prt, SW 26 (Gebelein, frag. B)169 - rnpt(m-)bt sp 11, ... (Gebelein, rouleau IV)170 attested rnpt sp: 1,2, 11 attested (?) rnpt (m- )!:Jtsp: 2, 3, 11 rnpt sp: rnpt (m-)!:Jt sp - 3: 3 (?) Though smallest of the three royal funerary monuments in Giza, the pyramid complex of Menkaura (the volume of the pyramid represents only about one tenth of that of the Great Pyramid) had been left largely unfinished by the king!7! At the time of Menkaura's death, the valley temple had hardly been begun. From the causeway only the foundation was laid. The construction of the mortuary temple, though more advanced than the two previously mentioned structures, was left largely unfinished, too. In the time of the king's death practically only the nucleus of the main walls, partly cased with granite, were built. Even the casing of the pyramid itself was left undressed. 172 Obviously, the state in which the monument was left at the time of the king's death raises some questions, including those about the length of Menkaura's reign. It seems to be improbable that Menkaura commenced the construction of his pyramid complex after a great delay, later in his reign 173 • Neither are probable some unexpected technical difficulties (changes in the original plan of the pyramid, the large scale use of red granite, etc.) in the realization of the building project, too. The explanation of the unfinished funerary monument of Menkaura should therefore be sought in either the shorter reign of the king or in the unexpected worsening of the economic situation in the country. Albeit no direct evidence of serious economic difficulties in the reign of Menkaura is available, such troubles would not be surprising. A large scale exhaustion of the workforce and material resources of the country in the technically demanding but economically unproductive grandiose building projects of Menkaura's immediate predecessors must have had serious consequences for Egypt's economy. Profound changes in the concept of the funerary cult at the beginning of the 4 th Dyn. 174 , connected with increased material demands, could have contributed to the economic problems, toO.!75 Regardless of the assumed economic difficulties, the estimations of a very long reign for Menkaura, up to 28 years 176 , is justified by neither the contem- poraneous written documents nor the king's unfinished pyramid complex. Eighteen years long reign attributed to Menkaure by the RCT (based on the most probable reconstruction of the partly damaged numeral) could comply with the so far highest attested contemporaneous date for the king, rnpt sp 11 (or rnpt m-!J.t sp 11), provided that the census was irregular in that time. MYCERlNUS (MENKAUREj TC III. 14- (?): 18 (28 ?) years Manetho: Menche r e s -63 years Beckerath, Chronologie, 159: 28 years. mpt ;;;p • 2, 1bd I I prt, sw 22; G VI S97 • 2, 1bd IV Smw, sw 22; G 7530-40, Me r e s ankh IIp8 • 11, 1bd . . ., sw 10 + x; G VI S99 The following dates from the Gebelein papyr i c an probably be attribut ed to Mycerinus: IOO mpt (m-)at ;;;p • 2, 1bd . . . 1at, sw 20; Gebelein, frag. NOI • 3, 1bd I I I prt, sw 26; Gebelein, frag. BI02 • 11, . . .; Gebelein, rouleau IV 103 attested mpt ;;;p: 2, 11 attested mpt (m-)at ;;;p: 2(?), 3(?), 11 (?) mpt ;;;p: mpt (m-)at ;;;p-2: 3(?) Sneferuw 24 Chéops 23 Radedef 8 Chéphrên de 29- 23 x-l de 0 - 5 x-2 de 0 - 1 My c é r i n us 18 Shepseskcf 4 x-3 2 |
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